<ul> <li><b>Engine Light ON (or Service Engine Soon Warning Light)</b>: The illumination of the engine light indicates a problem with the charging system voltage. This could be due to a malfunctioning alternator, a faulty voltage regulator, or issues with the battery connections.</li> <li><b>Dimming or Flickering Lights</b>: Headlights or interior lights may dim or flicker, suggesting inconsistent voltage supply. This can be caused by a failing alternator or poor electrical connections.</li> <li><b>Battery Warning Light</b>: The battery warning light on the dashboard may illuminate, indicating a problem with the charging system. Potential causes include a defective alternator, a bad battery, or corroded battery terminals.</li> <li><b>Electrical Accessories Malfunction</b>: Electrical components such as the radio, power windows, or air conditioning may not function properly due to insufficient voltage. This can be linked to a failing alternator or voltage regulator.</li> <li><b>Engine Stalling</b>: The engine may stall or have difficulty starting, which can be attributed to a weak or failing battery, or an alternator that is not charging the battery correctly.</li> </ul>

<ul><li>The generator (alternator) may be malfunctioning, leading to improper charging of the battery.</li><li>There could be an open or shorted condition in the generator harness, disrupting the electrical flow.</li><li>Poor electrical connections in the generator circuit can cause voltage irregularities.</li><li>A faulty Powertrain Control Module (PCM) might be failing to regulate the charging system properly.</li></ul>

<ul> <li><b>Initial Inspection</b>: Check the battery terminals and connections for corrosion or looseness. Ensure the battery is fully charged.</li> <li><b>Check Alternator Output</b>: Measure the alternator output voltage using a multimeter. It should be between 13.5V and 14.5V with the engine running.</li> <li><b>Inspect Drive Belt</b>: Examine the drive belt for wear, cracks, or looseness. Replace if necessary.</li> <li><b>Test Voltage Regulator</b>: Verify the voltage regulator is functioning correctly. It should maintain the alternator output within the specified range.</li> <li><b>Check for Parasitic Draw</b>: Perform a parasitic draw test to ensure no excessive current draw when the vehicle is off.</li> <li><b>Inspect Wiring and Fuses</b>: Examine the wiring and fuses related to the charging system for any signs of damage or blown fuses.</li> <li><b>Scan for Additional Codes</b>: Use an OBD-II scanner to check for any additional DTCs that may provide further insight into the issue.</li> <li><b>Test Battery Under Load</b>: Perform a load test on the battery to ensure it can maintain voltage under load conditions.</li></ul>

<p>The DTC code P2502 indicates an issue with the charging system voltage. This is a critical problem as it affects the vehicle's ability to maintain proper electrical function and battery charge.</p><ul><li><b>Immediate Actions:</b> Inspect the alternator, battery, and related wiring for faults.</li><li><b>Potential Risks:</b> Delayed repair can lead to battery drain, vehicle stalling, and complete electrical system failure.</li></ul>